National Anthem of Red China by Nie Er 電影 聶耳 主演 趙丹

聂耳 (1959)

导演: 郑君里

编剧: 于伶 / 孟波 / 王苏江 / 郑君里
主演: 赵丹 / 张瑞芳 / 王蓓 / 邓楠 / 赵抒音

Nie Er (14 February 1912 – 17 July 1935), born Nie Shouxin, courtesy nameZiyi (子義 or 子藝), was a Chinese composer best known for March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. In numerous Shanghai magazines he went by the English name George Njal.

The "March of the Volunteers", also formally known as the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China

Its lyrics were composed as a dramatic poem by the poet and playwrightTian Han in 1934 and set to music by Nie Er the next year for the movie Children of Troubled Times. It was adopted as the PRC's provisional anthem in 1949 in place of the Republican "Three Principles of the People" and the Communist "Internationale". When Tian Han was imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the march was briefly and unofficially replaced by "The East Is Red", then played without words, then played with altered words. Restored to its original version, the "March of the Volunteers" was raised to official status in 1982, adopted by Hong Kong and Macau upon their restorations to China in 1997 and 1999 respectively, and included in the Chinese Constitution's Article 136 in 2004.

In June 1931, Nie Er entered the "Mingyue Musical Drama Society" as a violinist. In July 1932 he published A Short Treatise on Chinese Song and Dance, in which he criticised the Drama Society's president, Li Jinhui, as a result of which he was forced to leave the society. Prior to joining the Lianhua Film Studio on November 1932, he took part in shaping the Bright Moonlight Song and Dance Troupe. He later joined the musical group of the "Friends of the Soviet Union Society". He also organised the "Chinese Contemporary Music Research Group", which participated in the Leftist Dramatist's Union. In 1933, Nie Er joined the Communist Party of China.

In April 1934, Nie Er joined the Pathé Records and managed the musical section. In the same year he founded the Pathé National Orchestra. This was a prolific year for Nie Er in terms of musical output. In January 1935 Nie Er became the director of the musical department of Lianhua Number Two Studio.

In April 1935, Nie Er went to Japan to meet his elder brother in Tokyo. There, he composed the March of the Volunteers, which would later become the national anthem of China.